Язык Dot для Автогенерации Блок Схем Сложных Электронных Цепей
Современные печатные платы достигают очень высокого уровня сложности. Особенно трудно разобраться в логике цепей питания. Так же сложность добавляет тот факт, что схемотехника от вендора в *.pdf дискретная. На схеме есть летающие фрагменты.
Как же понять и разобраться в новой схемотехнике очередной навороченной платы?
Как понять с какой стороны подходить к печатной плате?
Как понять куда подавать питание, куда подключать программатор, а куда отладочный UART?
Чтобы ответить на все эти вопросы надо четко себе представлять схему платы на системном уровне. Нужен Helicopter View или проще говоря подробная блок схема устройства.
Как же создать блок-схему сложнецкой платы? Как не ошибиться с разводкой топологии?
Любая принципиальная схема это, в сущности, граф. Набор вершин и ребер. Это значит, что схемотехнику можно представить языком разметки графов. Таким языком является язык Dot. Далее соответствующим софтом автоматически развести граф.
Проделаем этот путь на примере всем известной отладочной платы nRF5340-DK.
Вот Dot код описывающий плату nRF5340-DK. Dot язык очень простой и код пишется прямо по схемотехнике из *.pdf
digraph graphname {
rankdir=LR;
ranksep=0.5;
IF_OFF[shape="point"][color=darkgreen]
VBUS[shape="point"]
USB2[shape="point"]
USB3[shape="point"]
RESET[shape="point"]
VDD_nRF_SENSE[shape="point"]
TRACE[shape="point"]
VDD_nRF_DASH[shape="point"]
I2C[shape="point"]
SWD[shape="point"][color=blue]
IMCU_RESET[shape="point"]
SWD0[shape="point"][color=blue]
SWD3[shape="point"][color=blue]
UART_1[shape="point"][color=magenta]
UART_2[shape="point"][color=magenta]
VBOOST_SRC[shape="point"]
GND[shape="point"]
VREG[shape="point"]
BOOT_RESET[shape="point"]
VREG_EN_INV[shape="point"]
VEXT_EN[shape="point"]
VSENSE_SW_OUT[shape="point"]
VSUPPLY[shape="point"]
VEXT_EN_INV[shape="point"]
VBOOST_SRC_DASH[shape="point"]
VBUS_IMCU[shape="point"]
V5V[shape="point"]
VDD[shape="point"][fillcolor=grey, style=red]
J1[shape="box",label="J1 ANT 1pin "]
U1[shape="box"][label="U1 MCU"][fillcolor=grey, style=filled][height=8] [width=3]
U2[shape="box"][fillcolor=grey, style=filled][height=4][width=3][label="U2 If MCU"]
J2[shape="box",label="J2 5pin"][height=2][width=1]
J3[shape="box",label="J3 USB 5pin"][height=2][width=1]
J4[shape="box",label="J4 10pin"][height=3][width=1]
J5[shape="box",label="J5 NFC 5pin"][height=2][width=1]
J6[shape="box",label="J6 Li-Po 2pin"][height=1][width=1]
P1[shape="box",label="P1 8pin"][height=2][width=1]
P2[shape="box",label="P2 6pin"][height=1.5][width=1]
P3[shape="box",label="P3 8pin"][height=2][width=1]
P4[shape="box",label="P4 10pin"][height=3][width=1]
P5[shape="box",label="P5 6pin"][height=1.5][width=1]
P6[shape="box",label="P6 8pin"][height=2][width=1]
P7[shape="box",label="P7 16pin"][height=4] [width=1]
P8[shape="box",label="P8 12pin"][height=3][width=1]
P9[shape="box",label="P9 DebugOut 8pin"][height=2]
P10[shape="box",label="P10 20pin"][height=5][width=1]
P11[shape="box",label="P11 6pin"][height=2] [width=1]
P12[shape="box",label="P12 16pin"][height=4] [width=1]
P13[shape="box",label="P13 16pin"][height=4] [width=1]
P14[shape="box",label="P14 12pin"][height=3] [width=1]
P15[shape="box",label="P15 16pin"] [height=4] [width=1]
P16[shape="box",label="P16 20pin"][height=5][width=1]
P17[shape="box",label="P17 16pin"][height=4] [width=1]
P18[shape="box",label="P18 DebugIN 10pin"][height=3][width=1]
P19[shape="box",label="P19 DebugOUT 10pin"][height=3][width=1]
P20[shape="box",label="P20 13pin"][height=3.25][width=1]
P21[shape="box",label="P21 2pin"][height=1][width=1]
P22[shape="box",label="P22 current 2pin"] [width=1]
P23[shape="box",label="P23 2pin"][height=1][width=1]
P24[shape="box",label="P24 20pin"][height=5][width=1]
P25[shape="box",label="P25 Trace 20pin"][height=5][width=1]
P26[shape="box",label="P26 13pin"][height=3.25][width=1]
P27[shape="box",label="P27 Li-Po 2pin"][height=1][width=1]
D7[shape="triangle"]
U25_12[shape="box"][fillcolor=grey, style=filled]
U11[shape="box"][fillcolor=grey, style=filled]
U3_34[shape="box"][fillcolor=grey, style=filled]
Q10B[shape="box"]
U18[shape="box",label="U18 AND" ][fillcolor=grey, style=filled]
P28[shape="box",label="P28 Op-amp 3pin"][height=0.75][width=1]
U10[shape="box"][fillcolor=grey, style=filled]
U21[shape="box"][fillcolor=grey, style=filled]
U24[shape="box"][fillcolor=grey, style=filled]
U4[label="U4 4pin"][shape="box"][fillcolor=darkslategray1, style=filled]
U12[label="U12 4pin"][shape="box"][fillcolor=darkslategray1, style=filled]
U13[label="U13 4pin"][shape="box"][fillcolor=darkslategray1, style=filled]
U14[label="U14 4pin"][shape="box"][fillcolor=darkslategray1, style=filled]
U15[label="U15 4pin"][shape="box"][fillcolor=darkslategray1, style=filled]
U17[label="U17 4pin"][shape="box"][fillcolor=darkslategray1, style=filled]
U20[label="U20 4pin"][shape="box"][fillcolor=darkslategray1, style=filled]
U19[label="U19 4pin"][shape="box"][fillcolor=darkslategray1, style=filled]
U22[label="U22 4pin"][shape="box"][fillcolor=darkslategray1, style=filled]
U23[label="U23 4pin"][shape="box"][fillcolor=darkslategray1, style=filled]
U16[shape="box"][fillcolor=grey, style=filled]
U5[shape="box"][fillcolor=grey, style=filled]
SW7A[shape="box"][fillcolor=bisque, style=filled]
SW7B[shape="box"][fillcolor=bisque, style=filled]
D3[shape="triangle"]
D5[shape="triangle"]
D6[shape="triangle"]
U7[shape="box",label="U7 Flash"][fillcolor=grey, style=filled]
SW1[shape="box"][fillcolor=bisque, style=filled];
SW2[shape="box"][fillcolor=bisque, style=filled];
SW3[shape="box"][fillcolor=bisque, style=filled];
SW4[shape="box"][fillcolor=bisque, style=filled];
SW5[shape="box"][fillcolor=bisque, style=filled]
LED1[shape="box"];
LED2[shape="box"];
LED3[shape="box"];
Q10A[shape="box"];
Q10B[shape="box"];
LED4[shape="box"];
U19->U2[label="VDD_IMCU"]
SW1->U1[label="P0.23"]
SW2->U1[label="P0.24"]
SW3->U1[label="P0.08"]
IMCU_RESET->U2[label="IMCU_RESET"]
SW4->U1[label="P0.09"]
U2->U25_34->U1;
U2->U3_12->U1;
U7->U1[label="QSPI"]
U6_12->RESET
U1->P18
RESET->U1[label="RESET"]
RESET->P18[label="RESET"]
RESET->P19[label="RESET"]
RESET->P20[label="RESET"]
RESET->U1[label="RESET"]
RESET->P25[label="RESET"]
U2->U5->U1
U1->P2
U1->P8
U1->P14
SW5->BOOT_RESET
P8->P2->P14
VBUS_IMCU->U2 [label="VBUS_IMCU"]
Bat1->U17[label="VBAT"]
U17->Q10B
Q5B->SW6A[label="USB_DETECT"]
GND->SW6A
U1->P4
U1->P16
P4->P10->P16
U22->VBUS_IMCU
U1->P6
P12->P6->P17
U1->P3
U1->P9
U1->P12
P9->P3->P15
U2->SWD3->U5 [label="SWD3"] [color=blue]
U5->SWD [label="SWD"] [color=blue]
X3->U2[label="32MHz"]
U25_34->UART_1->U1[label="UART_1"][color=magenta]
U2->U25_34[label="VCOM_0"]
U1->P10
P7->P1->P13
U3_34->UART_2->U1[label="UART_2"][color=magenta]
IF_OFF->U3_34[label="IF_OFF"][color=darkgreen]
U2->U3_34[label="VCOM_2"]
J4->U2
U2->Q1
Q1->LED5
U2->U3_34->U1
VREG_EN_INV->U21[label="VREG_EN_INV"]
VEXT_EN_INV->U21[label="VEXT_EN_INV"]
Q10A->Q10B[label="Gate"]
VSUPPLY->U21[label="VSUPPLY"][color=pink]
U21->Q10A[label="Gate"]
SWD->U1[label="SWD"] [color=blue]
P18->SWD [label="SWD"] [color=blue]
J3->USB3->U1[label="USB"]
P19->SWD0->U2[label="SWD0"] [color=blue]
UART_1->P3[label="UART_1"] [color=magenta]
UART_2->P24[label="UART_2"] [color=magenta]
P1->RESET[label="RESET"]
J4->IMCU_RESET[label="IMCU_RESET"]
P11->P5
U1->P11
U1->P5
V5V->P13[label="V5V"][color=orange]
U1->P24
U1->P17
U1->P14
U1->P12
U1->P15
U1->I2C
I2C->P16 [label="I2C"]
J2->U22->U2
J2->Q5A
BOOT_RESET->U6_12[label="BOOT/RESET"]
U2->U6_12[label="IMCU_BOOT"]
SW8A->U6_34 [label="SHIELD_DETECT"]
I2C->U6_34 [label="I2C"]
SW8A->VDD[label="VDD"][color=red]
VDD->U6_34[label="VDD"][color=red]
Q5A[shape="box"]
Q5B[shape="box"]
//subgraph clusterQ5 { Q5A Q5B }
X1->U1[label="32MHz"]
X2->U1[label="32kHz"]
U10->V5V
U1->J5[label="NFC"]
SW7A->U3_12[label="UART2_FC_OFF"] [color=green]
GND->SW7A
IF_OFF->SW7A[label="IF_OFF"][color=darkgreen][fontcolor=darkgreen]
SW7B->U25_12[label="UART1_FC_OFF"] [color=green]
GND->SW7B
IF_OFF->SW7B[label="IF_OFF"][color=darkgreen][fontcolor=darkgreen]
IF_OFF->U22[label="IF_OFF"][color=darkgreen][fontcolor=darkgreen]
VBUS_IMCU->LED5[label="VBUS_IMCU"]
J4->VBUS->U22 [label="VBUS"][color=gold]
J2->VBUS->U22 [label="VBUS"][color=gold]
J2->USB2->U2[label="USB"]
GND->SW6B
SW9B->VDD->SW6B [label="VDD"][color=red]
//SW9B->Q10B[label="VDD"][color=red]
VDD->Q10B[label="VDD"][color=red]
U12->VSENSE_SW_OUT
U14->VSENSE_SW_OUT
Q10B->VSUPPLY
VSENSE_SW_OUT->SW8A[label="VSENSE_SW_OUT"]
U18->U17 [label="VBAT_EN"]
VSUPPLY->U14[label="VSUPPLY"][color=pink]
U13->VSUPPLY[label="VSUPPLY"][color=pink]
V5V->U12[label="V5V"][color=orange]
V5V->U11 [label="V5V"][color=orange]
U11->VREG[label="VREG"]
VREG->U13 [label="VREG"]
X1[fillcolor=yellow, style=filled]
X2[fillcolor=yellow, style=filled]
X3[fillcolor=yellow, style=filled]
LED1[fillcolor=green, style=filled]
LED2[fillcolor=green, style=filled]
LED3[fillcolor=green, style=filled]
LED4[fillcolor=green, style=filled]
LED5[fillcolor=green, style=filled]
U1->LED1[label="P0.28/AIN7"]
U1->LED2[label="P0.29"]
U1->LED3[label="P0.30"]
U1->LED4[label="P0.31"]
IF_OFF->U5[label="IF_OFF"][color=darkgreen][fontcolor=darkgreen]
IF_OFF->U3_34[label="IF_OFF"][color=darkgreen][fontcolor=darkgreen]
IF_OFF->U6_12[label="IF_OFF"][color=darkgreen][fontcolor=darkgreen]
SW8A->U6_34[label="SHIELD_DETECT/VDD"]
IF_OFF->U25_34[label="IF_OFF"][color=darkgreen][fontcolor=darkgreen]
U23->SW10B [label="VEXT"]
VSUPPLY->U23[label="VSUPPLY"][color=pink]
SW10B->P21
SW9A->SW10A[label="VSRC_NRF"]
U1->J1
U25_34[shape="box"][fillcolor=grey, style=filled]
U2->U25_12[label="VCOM0_CRTL"]
U25_12->U1[label="UART_1_CRTL"][color=magenta]
U2->U3_12[label="VCOM2_CRTL"]
U3_12->U1[label="UART_2_CRTL"][color=magenta]
SW8B->VBOOST_SRC
U9A[shape="box"][fillcolor=grey, style=filled]
U9B[shape="box"][fillcolor=grey, style=filled]
SW10A[shape="box"][fillcolor=bisque, style=filled];
SW10B[shape="box"][fillcolor=bisque, style=filled];
// subgraph clusterSW10 { SW10A SW10B }
VolDiv [label="1/2.74"] [shape="box"]
Bat1[label="Bat1 2pin"][shape="box"]
Q8A[shape="box"];
Q8B[shape="box"];
SW8A[shape="box"][fillcolor=bisque, style=filled];
SW8B[shape="box"][fillcolor=bisque, style=filled];
SW9A[shape="box"][fillcolor=bisque, style=filled];
SW9B[shape="box"][fillcolor=bisque, style=filled];
SW8B->Q6[label="Gate"]
U16->U13 [label="CTRL"]
SW6A[shape="box"][fillcolor=bisque, style=filled];
SW6B[shape="box"][fillcolor=bisque, style=filled];
VBOOST_SRC->U10
SW9B->U15[label="out"]
VDD->U15[label="VDD"][color=red]
VSUPPLY->U16[label="VSUPPLY"][color=pink]
VolDiv->U16[label="VREG_EN"]
U17->VSUPPLY->U18[label="VSUPPLY"][color=pink]
Q8A->VREG_EN_INV
VREG_EN_INV->U18[label="VREG_EN_INV"]
U24->VEXT_EN
VEXT_EN->Q8B [label="VEXT_EN"]
VEXT_EN->U23 [label="VEXT_EN"]
GND->Q5A
VDD_nRF_DASH->P20[label="VDD_nRF'"]
VDD_nRF_DASH->P26[label="VDD_nRF'"]
VDD_nRF_DASH->P22[label="VDD_nRF'"]
SW9A->VDD_nRF_DASH[label="VDD_nRF'"]
SW9A->VDD_nRF_SENSE[label="VDD_nRF_SENSE"]
VREG_EN_INV->U24[label="VREG_EN_INV"]
Q8B->VEXT_EN_INV
VEXT_EN_INV->U18[label="VEXT_EN_INV"]
SW6A->IF_OFF[color=darkgreen][fontcolor=darkgreen]
IF_OFF->U19[label="IF_OFF"][color=darkgreen][fontcolor=darkgreen]
VDD->U19[label="VDD"][color=red]
U15->P23[label="VDD_HV'"]
VDD_nRF_SENSE->Q9[label="VDD_nRF_SENSE(Gate)"]
Q9->U16[label="VSUPPLY_EN"]
V5V->VolDiv [label="V5V"][color=orange]
VolDiv -> Q8A [label="VREG_EN"]
D3->VBOOST_SRC_DASH[label="VBOOST_SRC'"] [color=turquoise1][fontcolor=turquoise1]
D5->VBOOST_SRC_DASH[label="VBOOST_SRC'"] [color=turquoise1][fontcolor=turquoise1]
D6->VBOOST_SRC_DASH[label="VBOOST_SRC'"] [color=turquoise1][fontcolor=turquoise1]
D7->VBOOST_SRC_DASH[label="VBOOST_SRC'"] [color=turquoise1][fontcolor=turquoise1]
VBOOST_SRC_DASH->SW8B[label="VBOOST_SRC'"] [color=turquoise1][fontcolor=turquoise1]
J3->D5
V5V->VolDiv
Q5A->Q5B[label="Gate"]
J2->VBUS->Q5A [label="VBUS"][color=gold]
U19->J4[label="VDD_IMCU"]
D3->VBOOST_SRC_DASH[label="VBOOST_SRC'"] [color=turquoise1][fontcolor=turquoise1]
D5->VBOOST_SRC_DASH[label="VBOOST_SRC'"] [color=turquoise1][fontcolor=turquoise1]
D6->VBOOST_SRC_DASH[label="VBOOST_SRC'"] [color=turquoise1][fontcolor=turquoise1]
D7->VBOOST_SRC_DASH[label="VBOOST_SRC'"] [color=turquoise1][fontcolor=turquoise1]
U20->U1[label="VBUS_nRF"]
J4->VBUS->D3[label="VBUS"][color=gold]
J2->VBUS->D3[label="VBUS"][color=gold]
J3->U20[label="VBUS_nRF'"]
VDD->SW10A
VDD->U20[label="VDD"][color=red]
VDD->U20[label="VDD"][color=red]
J3->D5[label="VBUS_nRF'"]
D6->SW9B[label="VLi-Ion"]
J3->SW9B[label="VBUS_nRF'"]
P22->SW9B[label="VDD_nRF"]
//P27->D6[label="VLi-Ion"]
J6->D6[label="VLi-Ion"]
P20->D7[label="VIN3-5V"]
P26->D7[label="VIN3-5V"]
P25->SWD[label="SWD"] [color=blue]
P25->TRACE->U1[label="TRACE"]
VDD->U3_34[label="VDD"][color=red]
VDD->U25_34[label="VDD"][color=red]
VDD->U5[label="VDD"][color=red]
VDD->U6_12[label="VDD"][color=red]
VDD->U6_34[label="VDD"][color=red]
VDD->U4[label="VDD"][color=red]
SW6B->U4 [label="nRF_ONLY"]
U4->LED1
U4->LED2
U4->LED3
U4->LED4
J6->P27[label="VLi-Ion"]
VDD->SW6B[label="VDD"][color=red]
VDD->Q5B[label="VDD"][color=red]
VDD_nRF_SENSE->U12[label="VDD_nRF_SENSE"]
Q7->U12
U9A->Q7[label="Gate"]
VDD_nRF_SENSE->U9A[label="VDD_nRF_SENSE"]
V5V->P11[label="V5V"][color=orange]
P28->U9B
U9B->P28
// { rank=same;U3_34 U25 U25_34 U5 U6 U6_12 U6_34}
U3_12[shape="box"][fillcolor=grey, style=filled];
U3_34[shape="box"][fillcolor=grey, style=filled];
U6_12[shape="box"][fillcolor=grey, style=filled]
U6_34[shape="box"][fillcolor=grey, style=filled]
SW10A->P21
V5V->Q6 [label="V5V"][color=orange]
//{ rank=same; U7 U1 }
subgraph clusterDIR {
color=transparent
subgraph clusterPower {
color=transparent
subgraph clusterP7_1_13 { color=transparent P7 P1 P13 }
subgraph clusterRect { P20 P26 color=transparent}
VSENSE_SW_OUT SW8A Bat1 VBOOST_SRC U10 U11 U15 Q7 Q9 P28 U12 J6 P27 P22 P23 VREG U13 U14 U16 U17 U19 VREG_EN_INV U18 U20 U21 VEXT_EN U23 VSUPPLY Q6 P21 VBOOST_SRC_DASH V5V VDD U24 SW10A VolDiv SW8B Q8A Q8B Q10A Q10B U9A U9B VDD_nRF_SENSE SW9A VDD_nRF_DASH D3 D5 D6 D7
subgraph clusterP21_SW10_B { P21 SW10B }
//{ rank=same; U12 U14 }
// { rank=same; U10 U20 U15}
// { rank=same; D3 D5 D6 D7 }
// { rank=same; U18 U21 U24}
// { rank=same; J6 P22 P23 }
//{ rank=same; U23 Q10B U13 }
// { rank=same; VolDiv U24 }
subgraph clusterJ6_P27 { J6 P27 }
}
subgraph clusterSystem {
SW5 Q5A Q5B RESET GND
color=transparent
//subgraph clusterQ5 { Q5A Q5B }
subgraph clusterProg { VBUS IMCU_RESET U2 X3 J2 USB2 J4 LED5 Q1 P19 U22 VBUS_IMCU SWD3 SWD0}
subgraph clusterMUX_GL {
color=transparent
SW7B SW7A SW6A SW6B IF_OFF
subgraph clusterMUX {
color=transparent
U5 U3_12 U3_34 U25_12 U25_34 BOOT_RESET U6_12 U6_34
//subgraph clusterU3 { U3_12 U3_34 }
//subgraph clusterU25 { U25_12 U25_34 }
//subgraph clusterU6 { U6_12 U6_34 }
}
}
subgraph clusterMCU {
color=transparent
subgraph clusterP11_5 { P11 P5 }
subgraph clusterP12_6_17 { P12 P6 P17 }
subgraph clusterP8_2_14 { P8 P2 P14 }
subgraph clusterP9_3_15 { P9 P3 P15 }
subgraph clusterP10_4_16 { P10 P4 P16 }
J1 U4 J3 USB3 P6 P3 P4 P2 P1 P24 J5 UART_1 UART_2 I2C SWD TRACE
subgraph clusterArduino { P1 P2 P3 P4 }
subgraph clusterLED { LED1 LED2 LED3 LED4 }
subgraph clusterSW { SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 }
subgraph clusterMem {color=transparent U1 U7
//{ rank=same; U7 U1 }
}
subgraph clusterClc {color=transparent X1 X2 }
//subgraph clusterNFC { U1 J5 }
subgraph clusterSWDMCU {color=transparent P18 P25 }
//{ rank=same; LED1 LED2 LED3 LED4 J1}
}
}
}
//{ rank=same; VBOOST_SRC_DASH SW8B }
}Теперь надо сгенерировать граф в виде *.svg файла прямо по исходнику из *.dot. Вот скрипт генерации графа электрической цепи.
cls
"C:\Program Files\Graphviz\bin\dot.exe" -v -Tsvg nRF5340.dot -o nRF5340_generated.svg
start chrome -open %cd%/nRF5340_generated.svg
или лучше из makefile
CC=dot
RENDER=chrome
CURRENT_DIR = $(shell pwd)
SOURCES_DOT += $(CURRENT_DIR)/nRF5340.dot
SOURCES_DOT := $(subst /c/,C:/, $(SOURCES_DOT))
ART_SVG := $(subst dot,svg, $(SOURCES_DOT))
OPT +=-Tsvg
all: print_svg
clean:
rm nRF5340.svg
print_svg:$(ART_SVG)
$(RENDER) -open $(ART_SVG)
$(ART_SVG): $(SOURCES_DOT)
$(CC) $(OPT) $(SOURCES_DOT) -o $(ART_SVG)
А это сгенерированный граф цепи.
Далее, глядя на граф можно перерисовать цепь аккуратнее.
Вывод
Благодаря языку разметки dot можно очень легко представлять и изучать новые аппаратные платформы, составлять блок схемы и документацию. Язык Dot можно смело использовать как hardware description language.
